308 lines
7.8 KiB
Markdown
308 lines
7.8 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: '粒子与音效'
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category: 基础
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tags:
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- 已过时
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mentions:
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- SirLich
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- Joelant05
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- destruc7ion
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- MedicalJewel105
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- aexer0e
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- solvedDev
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---
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# 粒子与音效
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<!--@include: @/wiki/bedrock-wiki-mirror.md-->
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:::danger
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本页部分信息已迁移至[动画效果文档](/wiki/visuals/animation-effects)
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:::
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## 动画中的粒子效果
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Minecraft粒子效果可以应用于实体动画。例如，幻翼拥有持续释放minecraft:phantom_trail粒子的动画。让我们尝试在实体的攻击动画中添加粒子效果。
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`资源包/entity/description/ 目录下`
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::: code-group
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```json [实体描述文件示例]
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"particle_effects": {
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"l_explosion": "minecraft:large_explosion"
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},
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```
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:::
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这段代码位于资源包实体文件中。这里我们为将要使用的粒子"minecraft:large_explosion"定义了一个简称"l_explosion"。
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可以通过指令`/particle <命名空间:粒子ID> ~ ~2 ~`在游戏中测试粒子效果。完整原版粒子列表可参考[Minecraft Wiki](https://minecraft.wiki/w/Particles)。
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现在进行Blockbench操作：
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1. 右键点击要发射粒子的骨骼，选择锚点图标添加定位器，命名如"l_expl_emitter"，并移动到目标位置
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_注：命名为'lead'的定位器可定义栓绳连接点_
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2. 在动画时间轴中选择"Animate Effects"，点击粒子对象旁的+号
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3. 左侧面板中填写粒子简称和定位器名称
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_注：音效添加方式类似_
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完成保存后，实体攻击时将生成指定粒子效果。_同理可在行走动画中添加蹄印扬尘效果_
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## 自定义粒子
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自定义粒子定义于`RP/particles`目录。可通过指令或动画发射器调用。建议通过[原版示例资源包](https://www.minecraft.net/en-us/addons)和[bedrock.dev粒子文档](http://bedrock.dev/r/Particles)学习。
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_提示：文末提供可视化粒子生成工具_
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文件结构说明：
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- "identifier"：粒子标识符（示例使用"wiki:curvy_particle"）
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- "texture"：支持多粒子共用纹理图集
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- "material"：通常设为"particles_alpha"
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使用16x16纹理图集（路径：`RP/particles/wiki_particles.png`），包含4个8x8子纹理。上排（0,0起始）用于"wiki:curvy_particle"，下排（0,8起始）用于其他粒子。
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::: code-group
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```json [RP/particles/curvy_particle.json]
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{
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"format_version": "1.10.0",
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"particle_effect": {
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"description": {
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"identifier": "wiki:curvy_particle",
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"basic_render_parameters": {
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"material": "particles_alpha",
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"texture": "textures/particle/wiki_particles"
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}
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},
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"components": {
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"minecraft:emitter_rate_instant": {
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"num_particles": 50
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},
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"minecraft:emitter_lifetime_once": {
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"active_time": 0
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},
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"minecraft:emitter_shape_sphere": {
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"radius": 0.3,
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"direction": "outwards"
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},
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"minecraft:particle_initial_speed": "Math.random(0.0, 15.0)",
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"minecraft:particle_initial_spin": {
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"rotation": "Math.random(0, 360)",
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"rotation_rate": "Math.random(-300, 300)"
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},
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"minecraft:particle_lifetime_expression": {
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"max_lifetime": "Math.random(1.0, 4.0)"
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},
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"minecraft:particle_motion_dynamic": {
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"linear_acceleration": [0, 2.0, 0],
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"linear_drag_coefficient": 5,
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"rotation_drag_coefficient": 0.3
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},
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"minecraft:particle_appearance_billboard": {
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"size": ["0.11", "0.11"],
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"facing_camera_mode": "lookat_xyz",
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"uv": {
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"texture_width": 16,
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"texture_height": 16,
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"flipbook": {
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"base_UV": [0, 0],
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"size_UV": [8, 8],
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"step_UV": [8, 0],
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"frames_per_second": 2,
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"max_frame": 2,
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"stretch_to_lifetime": true,
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"loop": false
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}
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}
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},
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"minecraft:particle_appearance_lighting": {}
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}
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}
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}
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```
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:::
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参数解析：
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- "texture_width/height"：纹理图尺寸
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- "base_UV"：粒子起始坐标（示例下个粒子为[0,8]）
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- "size_UV"：粒子纹理尺寸
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- "step_UV"：帧切换步长
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- "frames_per_second"：帧速率
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::: code-group
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```json [RP/particles/pink_hit.json]
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{
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"format_version": "1.10.0",
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"particle_effect": {
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"description": {
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"identifier": "wiki:pink_hit",
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"basic_render_parameters": {
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"material": "particles_alpha",
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"texture": "textures/particle/wiki_particles"
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}
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},
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"components": {
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"minecraft:emitter_rate_steady": {
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"spawn_rate": 520,
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"max_particles": 48
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},
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"minecraft:emitter_lifetime_once": {
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"active_time": 0.15
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},
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"minecraft:emitter_shape_point": {
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"offset": [0.0, "Math.random(-0.9, -0.5)", 0.0],
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"direction": [
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"Math.random(-0.75, 0.75)",
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"Math.random(-1.0, 1.0)",
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"Math.random(-0.75, 0.75)"
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]
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},
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"minecraft:particle_initial_speed": "Math.random(10.0, 20.0)",
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"minecraft:particle_lifetime_expression": {
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"max_lifetime": "6.0 / (Math.random(0.0, 16.0) + 12.0)"
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},
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"minecraft:particle_motion_dynamic": {
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"linear_acceleration": [0, -12.0, 0],
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"linear_drag_coefficient": 10
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},
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"minecraft:particle_appearance_billboard": {
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"size": [
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"0.10 + v.particle_random_1*0.05",
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"0.10 + v.particle_random_1*0.05"
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],
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"facing_camera_mode": "lookat_xyz",
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"uv": {
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"texture_width": 16,
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"texture_height": 16,
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"flipbook": {
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"base_UV": [0, 8],
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"size_UV": [8, 8],
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"step_UV": [8, 0],
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"frames_per_second": 8,
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"max_frame": 2,
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"stretch_to_lifetime": true,
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"loop": false
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}
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}
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},
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"minecraft:particle_appearance_tinting": {
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"color": {
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"gradient": [
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[
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"v.particle_random_1*0.3 + 0.6",
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"v.particle_random_2*0.3+ 0.6",
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"v.particle_random_2*0.3+ 0.6",
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1.0
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],
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["v.particle_random_1*0.3 + 0.6", 0.5, 0.3, 1.0]
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],
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"interpolant": "v.particle_age/v.particle_lifetime"
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}
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},
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"minecraft:particle_appearance_lighting": {}
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}
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}
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}
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```
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:::
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建议使用可视化工具[Snowstorm](https://jannisx11.github.io/snowstorm/)或[VSC扩展](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=JannisX11.snowstorm)简化粒子创建。
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`/particle wiki:pink_hit ~ ~2 ~`
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`/particle wiki:curvy_particle ~ ~2 ~`
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---
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## 自定义音效
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详细教程参见[Bedrock开发Wiki](/wiki/concepts/sounds)
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### 文件规范
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- 格式：推荐.ogg，支持.wav
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- 路径：`RP/sounds/`子目录（示例使用`RP/sounds/mob/`）
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### 音效定义
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在`RP/sounds/sound_definitions.json`中注册：
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::: code-group
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```json [RP/sounds/sound_definitions.json]
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{
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"format_version": "1.14.0",
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"sound_definitions": {
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"mob.yaklin.idle": {
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"category": "neutral",
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"max_distance": 12.0,
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"sounds": ["sounds/mob/yaklin_moo", "sounds/mob/yaklin_moo_2"]
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},
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"mob.yaklin.death": {
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"category": "neutral",
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"max_distance": 12.0,
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"sounds": ["sounds/mob/yaklin_moo"]
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},
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"mob.yaklin.hurt": {
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"category": "neutral",
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"max_distance": 12.0,
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"sounds": "sounds/mob/yaklin_moo"
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}
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}
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}
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```
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:::
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### 音效绑定
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通过`RP/sounds.json`关联实体事件：
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::: code-group
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```json [实体音效配置示例]
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"wiki:skele_yaklin": {
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"volume": 1.0,
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"pitch": [1.0, 1.0],
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"events": {
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"ambient": "mob.yaklin.idle",
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"hurt": "mob.yaklin.hurt",
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"death": "mob.yaklin.death",
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"step": {
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"sound": "mob.cow.step",
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"volume": 0.15,
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"pitch": 1.0
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}
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}
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}
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```
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:::
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事件类型说明：
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- ambient：环境音（如生物呼吸声）
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- hurt：受伤音效
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- death：死亡音效
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- step：移动音效
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---
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## 进度总结
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**已完成：**
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- 掌握动画粒子效果实现
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- 创建两种自定义粒子
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- 配置实体自定义音效
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**后续方向：**
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- 自定义生物群系
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- 创建生成结构
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- 脚本系统入门 |