525 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
525 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: 实体攻击机制
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category: 巧思案例
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mentions:
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- Luthorius
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- TheDoctor15
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- SirLich
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- MedicalJewel105
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- epxzzy
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- ThomasOrs
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tags:
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- 中级
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---
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# 实体攻击机制
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<!--@include: @/wiki/bedrock-wiki-mirror.md-->
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实体攻击需要多种系统协同工作才能正确运行：
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- 导航及移动能力以接近目标
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- 目标选择能力以确定攻击对象
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- 攻击类型（如近战或远程）
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- 伤害数值及附加效果
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## 目标选择
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### 移动机制
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生物发起攻击前需要搭载多种[移动组件](/wiki/entities/entity-movement)。
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在开始配置攻击行为前，请确保实体具备基础移动和路径规划能力。
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:::warning
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即使要创建固定式防御单位（如炮塔），仍需要添加导航组件以便自动寻找射击目标。
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:::
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### 激活敌对行为
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触发敌对状态有多种方式。以下为最常用的`nearest_attackable_target`组件示例，主要用于定义实体的主要攻击目标类型：
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::: code-group
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```json [原始CodeHeader的值]
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"minecraft:behavior.nearest_attackable_target": {
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"must_see": true, //如果为true，目标必须处于实体视线内
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"reselect_targets": true, //允许切换更近的目标
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"within_radius": 25.0, //有效搜索半径
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"must_see_forget_duration": 17.0, //目标消失视野后的记忆时间
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"entity_types": [
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{
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"filters": { //有效攻击目标筛选
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"test": "is_family",
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"subject": "other",
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"value": "player"
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},
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"max_dist": 48.0
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}
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]
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}
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```
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:::
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如需更精细控制，可选用以下组件：
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| 组件 | 说明 |
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| ---------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
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| minecraft:behavior.nearest_attackable_target | 定位符合筛选条件的实体 |
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| minecraft:behavior.nearest_prioritized_attackable_target | 可通过filter后设置"priority": [整数]定义优先级 |
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| minecraft:behavior.defend_trusted_target | 防御指定类型的友方单位 |
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另有特殊组件`minecraft:lookat`：
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该组件与其他三种不同，用于检测与实体发生视线交互的目标。配置示例：
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::: code-group
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```json [BP/entities/enderman.json]
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"minecraft:lookat": {
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"search_radius": 64.0,
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"set_target": true, //标记为有效目标
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"look_cooldown": 5.0,
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"filters": {
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"all_of": [
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{
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"subject": "other",
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"test": "is_family",
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"value": "player"
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},
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{
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"test": "has_equipment",
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"domain": "head",
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"subject": "other",
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"operator": "not",
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"value": "carved_pumpkin" //未装备雕刻南瓜的玩家
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}
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]
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}
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}
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```
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:::
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### 目标筛选机制
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:::tip
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本节说明如何配置上述「目标定位」组件。
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:::
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实体通过[筛选器](https://bedrock.dev/docs/stable/Entities#Filters)判定有效目标，使用`test`、`subject`、`operator`和`value`参数进行组合判断。
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::: code-group
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```json [原始CodeHeader的值]
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"entity_types":[
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{
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"filters":{
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"any_of":[
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{
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"test":"is_family",
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"subject":"other",
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"operator":"==",
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"value":"snow_golem"
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},
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{
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"test":"is_family",
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"subject":"other",
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"operator":"==",
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"value":"iron_golem"
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}
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//雪傀儡或铁傀儡
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]
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},
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"max_dist":24
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},
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{
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"filters":{
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"all_of":[
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{
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"test":"is_family",
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"subject":"other",
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"operator":"==",
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"value":"player"
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},
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{
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"test":"has_equipment",
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"subject":"other",
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"domain":"head",
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"operator":"=!",
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"value":"turtle_helmet"
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}
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//未装备海龟盔甲的玩家
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]
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},
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"max_dist":24
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}
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]
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```
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:::
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该配置将锁定雪傀儡、铁傀儡及未佩戴海龟头盔的玩家。
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## 攻击类型
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可用攻击方式列表：
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| 组件 | 说明 |
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| ---------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |
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| [minecraft:behavior.melee_attack](#近战攻击) | 单体近战攻击 |
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| [minecraft:behavior.ranged_attack](#远程攻击) | 发射弹射物 |
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| [minecraft:area_attack](#范围攻击) | 范围内全体打击 |
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| [minecraft:behavior.knockback_roar](#击退怒吼) | 高自定义度的冲击波攻击 |
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### 近战攻击
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最常见的攻击类型，带有击退效果且必定命中。
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::: code-group
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```json [原始CodeHeader的值]
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"wiki:melee_attack": {
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"minecraft:attack": {
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"damage": 3,
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"effect_name": "slowness",
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"effect_duration": 20
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},
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"minecraft:behavior.melee_attack": {
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"priority": 3,
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"melee_fov": 90.0, //实体发动近战攻击时的有效视野角度
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"speed_multiplier": 1,
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"track_target": false,
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"require_complete_path": true
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}
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}
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```
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:::
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可配置伤害数值、状态效果及攻击参数。
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伤害数值支持固定值或区间范围：
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- `"damage": 3`：固定造成3点伤害
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- `"damage": [2, 6]`：随机造成2-6点伤害
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状态效果支持列表：
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| 效果列表 |
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| --------------- |
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| 速度 |
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| 缓慢 |
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| 急迫 |
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| 挖掘疲劳 |
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| 力量 |
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| 瞬间治疗 |
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| 瞬间伤害 |
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| 跳跃提升 |
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| 反胃 |
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| 生命恢复 |
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| 抗性提升 |
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| 防火 |
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| 水下呼吸 |
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| 隐身 |
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| 失明 |
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| 夜视 |
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| 饥饿 |
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| 虚弱 |
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| 中毒 |
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| 凋零 |
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| 生命提升 |
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| 伤害吸收 |
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| 饱和 |
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| 飘浮 |
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| 剧毒 |
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| 缓降 |
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| 潮涌能量 |
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| 不祥之兆 |
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| 村庄英雄 |
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| 黑暗 |
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### 远程攻击
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按设定间隔发射指定[弹射物](/wiki/documentation/projectiles)。
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::: code-group
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```json [原始CodeHeader的值]
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"wiki:ranged_attack": {
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"minecraft:behavior.ranged_attack": {
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"priority": 2,
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"ranged_fov": 90.0, //实体发动远程攻击时的有效视野角度
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"attack_interval_min": 1.0, //最小攻击间隔
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"attack_interval_max": 3.0, //最大攻击间隔
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"attack_radius": 15.0 //攻击范围
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},
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"minecraft:shooter": {
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"def": "wiki:projectile" //自定义弹射物定义
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}
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}
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```
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:::
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原版弹射物类型：
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| 原版弹射物 |
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| -------------------------------- |
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| minecraft:arrow |
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| minecraft:dragon_fireball |
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| minecraft:egg |
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| minecraft:ender_pearl |
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| minecraft:fireball |
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| minecraft:fishing_hook |
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| minecraft:lingering_potion |
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| minecraft:llama_spit |
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| minecraft:skulker_bullet |
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| minecraft:small_fireball |
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| minecraft:snowball |
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| minecraft:splash_potion |
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| minecraft:thrown_trident |
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| minecraft:wither_skull |
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| minecraft:wither_skull_dangerous |
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| minecraft:xp_bottle |
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弩类武器需先装填后发射：
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::: code-group
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```json [原始CodeHeader的值]
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"minecraft:behavior.charge_held_item": {
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"priority": 2,
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"items": [
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"minecraft:arrow" //弩的弹药类型固定为箭
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]
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}
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```
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:::
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完成装填后方可触发`minecraft:behavior.ranged_attack`。
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### 范围攻击
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对范围内的所有实体造成伤害。与常规攻击不同，无需特定目标即可触发。
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::: code-group
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```json [原始CodeHeader的值]
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"minecraft:area_attack" : {
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"damage_range": 1, //伤害作用范围（方块）
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"damage_per_tick": 2, //每tick伤害量
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"cause": "contact", //伤害来源类型
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"entity_filter": { //有效目标筛选
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"any_of": [
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{
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"test": "is_family",
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"subject": "other",
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"value": "player"
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},
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{
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"test": "is_family",
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"subject": "other",
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"value": "monster"
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}
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]
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}
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}
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```
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:::
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需参考[实体伤害源类型](https://bedrock.dev/docs/stable/Addons#Entity%20Damage%20Source)进行配置，注意部分原版装备可减免特定类型伤害。
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### 击退怒吼
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高灵活性范围攻击，可产生冲击波效果。
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::: code-group
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```json [原始CodeHeader的值]
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"wiki:roar_attack": {
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"minecraft:behavior.knockback_roar":{
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"priority":2,
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"duration":0.7, //技能总时长
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"attack_time":0.2, //实际造成伤害时间点
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"knockback_damage":1, //击退伤害
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"knockback_horizontal_strength":1, //水平击退力度
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"knockback_vertical_strength":1, //垂直击退力度
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"knockback_range":5, //作用范围
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"knockback_filters":{ //击退目标筛选
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"test":"is_family",
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"subject":"other",
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"operator":"==",
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"value":"player"
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},
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"damage_filters":{ //伤害目标筛选
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"test":"is_family",
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"subject":"other",
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"operator":"==",
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"value":"player"
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},
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"on_roar_end":{ //技能结束触发事件
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"event":"wiki:other_event"
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},
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"cooldown_time":10 //冷却时间
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}
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}
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```
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:::
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若需要隐藏默认粒子效果，可在资源包中覆盖相关粒子文件。
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## 进阶攻击配置
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攻击行为可通过事件系统进行更高级的交互设计。
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### 难度分级攻击
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不同游戏难度配置不同攻击参数：
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::: code-group
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```json [BP/entities/bee.json]
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"easy_attack": {
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"minecraft:attack": {
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"damage": 2
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}
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},
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"normal_attack": {
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"minecraft:attack": {
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"damage": 2,
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"effect_name": "poison",
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"effect_duration": 10
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}
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},
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"hard_attack": {
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"minecraft:attack": {
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"damage": 2,
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"effect_name": "poison",
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"effect_duration": 18
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}
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}
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```
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:::
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### 模式切换系统
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通过[事件系统](/wiki/entities/entity-events)和组件组实现攻击模式切换。常用传感器组件：
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| 传感器类型 | 说明 |
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| ---------------------- | ----------------------- |
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| minecraft:environment_sensor | 环境条件监测 |
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| minecraft:target_nearby_sensor | 目标距离监测 |
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#### 组件组示例
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远程攻击配置组：
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::: code-group
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```json [原始CodeHeader的值]
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"wiki:ranged_components": {
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"minecraft:shooter": {
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"def": "wiki:projectile"
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},
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"minecraft:behavior.ranged_attack": {
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"priority": 3,
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"ranged_fov": 90.0,
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"attack_interval_min": 1.0,
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"attack_interval_max": 3.0,
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"attack_radius": 15.0
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}
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}
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```
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:::
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近战攻击配置组：
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::: code-group
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```json [原始CodeHeader的值]
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"wiki:melee_components": {
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"minecraft:attack": {
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"damage": 6
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},
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"minecraft:behavior.melee_attack": {
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"priority": 3
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}
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}
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```
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:::
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#### 事件触发器
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距离传感器示例：
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::: code-group
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```json [原始CodeHeader的值]
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"wiki:switcher_range": {
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"minecraft:target_nearby_sensor": {
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"inside_range": 4.0,
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"outside_range": 5.0,
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"must_see": true,
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"on_inside_range": { //4格内切换近战
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"event": "wiki:melee_swap",
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"target": "self"
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},
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"on_outside_range": { //5格外切换远程
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"event": "wiki:ranged_swap",
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"target": "self"
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}
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}
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}
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```
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:::
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环境传感器示例：
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::: code-group
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```json [原始CodeHeader的值]
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"wiki:switcher_environment": {
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"minecraft:environment_sensor": {
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"triggers": [
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{ //水下转为近战
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"filters": {
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"test": "is_underwater",
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"subject": "self",
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"operator": "==",
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"value": true
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},
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"event": "wiki:melee_swap"
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},
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{ //陆地转为远程
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"filters": {
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"test": "is_underwater",
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"subject": "self",
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"operator": "==",
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"value": false
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},
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"event": "wiki:ranged_swap"
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}
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]
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}
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}
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```
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:::
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:::tip
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攻击类型切换不限于两种模式，可根据需求扩展更多。
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:::
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## 动作表现配置
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攻击需配合动画系统实现完整表现。
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### 动画资源
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建议使用[Blockbench](/wiki/guide/blockbench)制作动画，需在资源包中包含：
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- animations文件夹（实体动画定义）
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- animation_controllers文件夹（动画控制器）
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- entity文件夹（实体定义）
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| 原版攻击动画 |
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| -------------------------------------------- |
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| "animation.zombie.attack_bare_hand" |
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| "animation.skeleton.attack.v1.0" |
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| "animation.humanoid.bow_and_arrow.v1.0" |
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| "animation.humanoid.damage_nearby_mobs.v1.0" |
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### 动画控制器
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控制动画的触发逻辑：
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| 原版动画控制器 |
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| ---------------------------------------------- |
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| "controller.animation.zombie.attack_bare_hand" |
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| "controller.animation.skeleton.attack" |
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| "controller.animation.humanoid.bow_and_arrow" |
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更多动画系统细节请参考[官方文档](https://bedrock.dev/docs/stable/Animations)。 |