241 lines
5.7 KiB
Markdown
241 lines
5.7 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: 材质 Material
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tags:
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- expert
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category: 基础
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mentions:
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- SirLich
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- Joelant05
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- MedicalJewel105
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- Luthorius
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---
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# 材质 Material
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<!--@include: @/wiki/bedrock-wiki-mirror.md-->
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:::warning
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材质系统不适合心理承受能力较弱的使用者。请做好应对潜在崩溃、内容日志错误和漫长加载时间的准备。
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:::
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## 概述
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材质用于指定渲染游戏不同部分的着色器，以及着色器在处理每个元素时应考虑的状态和设置。目前游戏中的大多数内容都硬编码使用特定材质，无法分配新的材质。要改变这些元素的渲染方式，只能直接修改原有材质（可能会对其他部分产生意外影响）或创建新的着色器（这是Mojang已不再官方支持的旧实验性功能）。唯一可以分配或移除默认/自定义材质的元素是实体和粒子。
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如果您不打算深入探索材质系统的细节，可以在此处找到预设材质[文档](/wiki/documentation/materials)。
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## 语法与结构
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多数材质通过继承先前定义的材质设置并进行扩展来实现功能。其基本格式如下：
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::: code-group
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```json [RP/materials/name.material]
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{
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"materials": {
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"version": "1.0.0",
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"<新材质ID>:<基础材质ID>": {
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<定义、状态及其他设置>
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}
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}
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}
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```
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:::
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:::warning
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虽然看起来相似，但请勿将材质格式文件与包中的其他文件混淆。材质系统中不使用命名空间。
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:::
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部分材质文件包含复杂的继承树结构。例如，几乎所有默认实体使用的材质最终都继承自entity.material文件中的`entity_static`材质。以当前村民使用的材质为例：
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::: code-group
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```json
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"villager_v2_masked:entity_multitexture_masked": {
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"depthFunc": "LessEqual"
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}
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```
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:::
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可以看出该材质名为`villager_v2_masked`，继承自`entity_multitexture_masked`材质。在该文件中向上追溯，可以发现`entity_multitexture_masked`继承自`entity_alphatest`并扩展了设置：
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::: code-group
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```json
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"entity_multitexture_masked:entity_alphatest":{
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"+defines":[
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"MASKED_MULTITEXTURE"
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],
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"+samplerStates":[
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{
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"samplerIndex":0,
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"textureWrap":"Clamp"
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},
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{
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"samplerIndex":1,
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"textureWrap":"Clamp"
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}
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]
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}
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```
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:::
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继续追溯`entity_alphatest`可发现其继承自`entity_nocull`：
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::: code-group
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```json
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"entity_alphatest:entity_nocull":{
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"+defines":[
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"ALPHA_TEST"
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],
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"+samplerStates":[
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{
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"samplerIndex":1,
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"textureWrap":"Repeat"
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}
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],
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"msaaSupport":"Both"
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}
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```
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:::
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`entity_nocull`又继承自基础`entity`材质：
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::: code-group
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```json
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"entity_nocull:entity":{
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"+states":[
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"DisableCulling"
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]
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}
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```
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:::
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最终`entity`材质继承自`entity_static`：
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::: code-group
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```json
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"entity:entity_static":{
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"+defines":[
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"USE_OVERLAY"
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],
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"msaaSupport":"Both"
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}
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```
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:::
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`entity_static`材质没有冒号后的继承对象，表明这是继承链的终点：
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::: code-group
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```json
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"entity_static":{
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"vertexShader":"shaders/entity.vertex",
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"vrGeometryShader":"shaders/entity.geometry",
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"fragmentShader":"shaders/entity.fragment",
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"vertexFields":[
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{
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"field":"Position"
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},
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{
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"field":"Normal"
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},
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{
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"field":"UV0"
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}
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],
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"variants":[
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{
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"skinning":{
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"+defines":[
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"USE_SKINNING"
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],
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"vertexFields":[
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{
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"field":"Position"
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},
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{
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"field":"BoneId0"
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},
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{
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"field":"Normal"
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},
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{
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"field":"UV0"
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}
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]
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}
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},
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{
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"skinning_color":{
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"+defines":[
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"USE_SKINNING",
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"USE_OVERLAY"
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],
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"+states":[
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"Blending"
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],
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"vertexFields":[
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{
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"field":"Position"
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},
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{
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"field":"BoneId0"
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},
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{
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"field":"Color"
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},
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{
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"field":"Normal"
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},
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{
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"field":"UV0"
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}
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]
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}
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}
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],
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"msaaSupport":"Both",
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"+samplerStates":[
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{
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"samplerIndex":0,
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"textureFilter":"Point"
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}
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]
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}
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```
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:::
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## 1.16.100+ 注意事项
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使用自定义材质的用户请注意！
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1.16.100版本后，自定义材质继承将不再有效并会导致内容日志错误。解决方法是使用前缀和材质名称直接定义完整材质。
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该问题在1.16.100版本前不存在：
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::: code-group
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```json
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{
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"materials": {
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"version": "1.0.0",
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"prefix:window_glass:entity": { // 现在会触发内容日志错误
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"+states": [
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"Blending"
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],
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"defines": [
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"ENABLE_FOG",
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"ENABLE_LIGHT",
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"USE_ONLY_EMISSIVE"
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]
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},
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"prefix:window_glass:": { // 修正错误的方法，注意：可能需要重新定义旧继承值
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"+states": [
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"Blending"
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],
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"defines": [
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"ENABLE_FOG",
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"ENABLE_LIGHT",
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"USE_ONLY_EMISSIVE"
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]
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}
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}
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}
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```
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::: |