feat:上传mcguide-开发指南部份
This commit is contained in:
Othniel su
375
mcguide/27-网络游戏/课程4：简易网络服模板知识讲解/第3节：进入与退出游戏.md
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375
mcguide/27-网络游戏/课程4：简易网络服模板知识讲解/第3节：进入与退出游戏.md
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---
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front:
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hard: 进阶
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time: 20分钟
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---
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# 进入和退出游戏
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主要包含登录、定时存档、登出、切服等功能。
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## 登录
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Apollo引擎在登录过程中会处理顶号问题，开发者开发过程不用考虑顶号。登录过程主要涉及下面事件：
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- client 相关事件：
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- OnUIInitFinished：此时可以创建UI了，但是玩家每次切维度都会触发这个事件
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- OnLocalPlayerStopLoading：出生点地形加载完成时触发，切维度不会触发本事件
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- master相关事件：
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- PlayerLoginServerEvent：登录master事件，可以区分登录和切服
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- lobby/game相关事件：
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- AddServerPlayerEvent：登录到lobby/game 事件，可以区分登录和切服
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### 服务端登录开发
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下面开发LobbyMod服务端登录功能。首先处理登录逻辑，监听AddServerPlayerEvent事件，初始化玩家信息，核心代码如下：
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```python
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class AwesomeServer(ServerSystem):
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def __init__(self, namespace, systemName):
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ServerSystem.__init__(self, namespace, systemName)
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#注册事件
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self.ListenForEvent(
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serverApi.GetEngineNamespace(),
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serverApi.GetEngineSystemName(),
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modConfig.AddServerPlayerEvent,
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self, self.OnAddServerPlayer
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)
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...
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def OnAddServerPlayer(self, args):
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'''
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添加玩家的监听函数
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'''
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playerId = args.get('id','-1')
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uid = netgameApi.GetPlayerUid(playerId)
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self.mPlayerid2uid[playerId] = uid
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```
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### 读写数据库
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玩家游戏数据通常存储到mysql。apollo应该尽量异步读写mysql，避免阻塞游戏逻辑，导致全服玩家卡顿。apollo提供“mysql连接池”，提供各种异步读写mysql接口。
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我们以LobbyMod为例介绍“mysql连接池”使用方法。首先我们创建表playerCol，用于存储玩家数据，创表语句如下：
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `playerCol` (
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`uid` bigint unsigned NOT NULL,
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`nickname` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
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`login_time` bigint unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
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PRIMARY KEY (`uid`)
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) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
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```
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接着，我们读写表playerCol，玩家登录时从mysql读取玩家数据，若没查到数据，则向mysql插入玩家信息，记录新玩家信息。核心代码如下：
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```python
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class AwesomeServer(ServerSystem):
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def __init__(self, namespace, systemName):
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...
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self.mysqlMgr = MysqlOperation()
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def OnAddServerPlayer(self, args):
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'''
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添加玩家的监听函数
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'''
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...
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self.mysqlMgr.QueryPlayerData(playerId,uid,lambda data: self.QuerySinglePlayerCallback(playerId, uid, data))
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def QuerySinglePlayerCallback(self, player_id, uid, data):
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'''
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回调函数。若玩家存在，则注册玩家；否则记录玩家信息
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'''
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# 数据库请求返回时，玩家已经主动退出了
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if not self.playerid2uid.has_key(player_id):
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return
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if not data:# 找不到玩家数据，注册一个新玩家
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nickname = netgameApi.GetPlayerNickname(player_id)
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data = playerData.PlayerData.getNewPlayerInfo(uid, nickname)
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self.InsertPlayerData(player_id, uid)
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#记录玩家数据
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player = playerData.PlayerData()
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if isinstance(data,tuple):
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data = player.changeMysqlTupleToPlayerDict(data)
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player.initPlayer(player_id, data)
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#刷新玩家登录时间
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player.refreshLoginTime()
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self.player_map[uid] = player
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```
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### 同步玩家数据
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玩家登录后，需要从服务端获取玩家信息。我们以LobbyMod为例，客户端登录后，从服务端获取玩家登录时间和昵称。
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#### 客户端登录开发
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监听OnOnLocalPlayerStopLoading事件，请求获取玩家数据，接着监听服务端发过来的LoginResponseEvent事件，然后记录玩家数据。客户端监听UiInitFinished事件，开始初始化UI。代码如下：
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```python
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class AwesomeClient(ClientSystem):
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def __init__(self,namespace,systemName):
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ClientSystem.__init__(self,namespace,systemName)
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...
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# 注册事件
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self.ListenForEvent(
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modConfig.Minecraft,
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modConfig.LobbyServerSystemName,
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modConfig.LoginResponseEvent,
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self, self.OnLoginResponse
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)
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self.ListenForEvent(
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clientApi.GetEngineNamespace(),
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clientApi.GetEngineSystemName(),
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‘OnLocalPlayerStopLoading’,
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self, self.OnOnLocalPlayerStopLoading
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)
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self.ListenForEvent(
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clientApi.GetEngineNamespace(),
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clientApi.GetEngineSystemName(),
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'UiInitFinished',
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self, self.OnUiInitFinished)
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self.mMyPlayerData = None
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def OnUiInitFinished(self, args):
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'''
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初始化UI
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'''
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print 'OnUiInitFinished', args
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self.InitUi()
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def OnOnLocalPlayerStopLoading(self,args):
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'''
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请求登录到服务端，获取玩家数据
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'''
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logger.info("OnOnLocalPlayerStopLoading : %s", args)
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playerId = clientApi.GetLocalPlayerId()
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loginData = {}
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loginData['id'] = playerId
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self.NotifyToServer(modConfig.LoginRequestEvent, loginData)
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def OnLoginResponse(self, args):
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'''
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初始化玩家数据，然后开始客户端逻辑
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'''
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logger.info("OnLoginResponse : %s", args)
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player_info = args
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self.mMyPlayerData = playerData.PlayerData()
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self.mMyPlayerData.initPlayer(player_info['player_id'], player_info)
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self.InitUi()
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```
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#### 服务端登录开发
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监听客户端自定义LoginRequestEvent事件，设置玩家出生点和维度，将玩家数据返回给客户端。服务端从mysql中读取玩家数据是个异步过程，收到LoginRequestEvent事件后可能还没初始化玩家信息，因此需要延迟推送。核心代码如下：
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```python
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class AwesomeServer(ServerSystem):
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def __init__(self, namespace, systemName):
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...
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self.ListenForEvent(modConfig.Minecraft, modConfig.LobbyClientSystemName,
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modConfig.LoginRequestEvent, self, self.OnLoginRequest)
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def OnLoginRequest(self, data):
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'''
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玩家登录逻辑
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'''
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player_id = data['id']
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uid = netgameApi.GetPlayerUid(player_id)
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# 设置玩家位置和维度
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comp = serverApi.GetEngineCompFactory().CreateDimension(player_id)
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comp.ChangePlayerDimension(4, (1395.664, 5.2, 51.441))
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CoroutineMgr.StartCoroutine(self._DoSendLoginResponseData(player_id, uid))
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def _DoSendLoginResponseData(self, player_id, uid):
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'''
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将玩家数据推送给客户端。若还没从db获取玩家数据，则延迟5帧再试
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'''
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if uid in self.player_map:
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player = self.player_map[uid]
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event_data = player.toSaveDict()
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event_data['player_id'] = player_id
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self.NotifyToClient(player_id, modConfig.LoginResponseEvent, event_data)
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return
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yield -5
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```
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### 验证功能
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用MCStudio进入游戏，查看相关信息：
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- 登录到linux开发机，切到lobby的logs目录，可以看到OnAddServerPlayer方法打印的登录日志：
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- 进入mysql，可以查看到玩家数据：
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- MCStudio中查看玩家登录日志，也即OnLoginResponse方法打印的日志：
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## 定时存档
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通过SetUseDatabaseSave函数打开定时存档功能，引擎会定时触发savePlayerDataEvent/savePlayerDataOnShutDownEvent事件。mod监听这两个事件，然后执行存档逻辑。定时存档把存档从游戏逻辑中解耦出来，让开发者集中于游戏逻辑的开发。
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### 服务端mod开发
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设置定时存档，然后监听savePlayerDataEvent/savePlayerDataOnShutDownEvent事件。核心代码如下：
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```python
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class AwesomeServer(ServerSystem):
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def __init__(self, namespace, systemName):
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...
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netgameApi.SetUseDatabaseSave(True, "awesome", 120)#定时存档，时间间隔是120s
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netgameApi.SetNonePlayerSaveMode(True)
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self.ListenForEvent(
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serverApi.GetEngineNamespace(),
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serverApi.GetEngineSystemName(),
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'savePlayerDataEvent',
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self, self.OnSavePlayerData
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)
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self.ListenForEvent(
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serverApi.GetEngineNamespace(),
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serverApi.GetEngineSystemName(),
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'savePlayerDataOnShutDownEvent',
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self, self.OnSavePlayerData
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)
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...
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def OnSavePlayerData(self, args):
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'''
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把玩家数据存档。这个函数一定要调用save_player_data_result函数，把存档状态告知引擎。
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'''
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uid = int(args["playerKey"])
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cpp_callback_idx = int(args["idx"])
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player_data = self.mPlayerMap.get(uid, None)
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if not player_data:
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#告知引擎，存档状态。注意传入回调函数id
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netgameApi.SavePlayerDataResult(cpp_callback_idx, True)
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def _SavePlayerCb(args):
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uid, ret = args
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if ret:
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netgameApi.SavePlayerDataResult(cpp_callback_idx, True)
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else:
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netgameApi.SavePlayerDataResult(cpp_callback_idx, False)
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self.SavePlayerByUid(uid, _SavePlayerCb)
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def SavePlayerByUid(self, uid, cb = None):
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'''
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保存玩家数据
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'''
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player = self.mPlayerMap.get(uid, None)
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if not player:
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return
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player_dict = player.toSaveDict()
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if self.mDBType == DbType.Mongo:
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self.mMongoMgr.SavePlayerByUid(uid,player_dict,cb)
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elif self.mDBType == DbType.Mysql:
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self.mMysqlMgr.SavePlayerByUid(uid,player_dict,cb)
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```
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### 验证功能
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- 用MCStudio进入游戏，在游戏停留2min，然后在db中查看玩家数据，发现login_time发生了变化。
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- 开发者也可以在OnSavePlayerData函数中添加额外日志，接着用MCStudio进入游戏不退出，然后查看 lobby服日志，可以发现lobby会定时打印对应日志。
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### 总结
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- 通过SetUseDatabaseSave函数开启定时存档。
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- 监听savePlayerDataEvent/savePlayerDataOnShutDownEvent事件，处理存档逻辑。
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## 登出
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### 登出过程介绍
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登录过程主要涉及下面事件：
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- master相关事件：
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- PlayerLogoutServerEvent：玩家退出或切服
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- lobby/game 相关事件：
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- DelServerPlayerEvent：玩家退出或切服，可以处理玩家登出逻辑
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下面介绍LobbyMod登出逻辑的开发。
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### 服务端登出逻辑。
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监听DelServerPlayerEvent事件，把玩家数据存档，并清除玩家数据。代码如下：
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```python
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class AwesomeServer(ServerSystem):
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def __init__(self, namespace, systemName):
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...
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self.ListenForEvent(
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serverApi.GetEngineNamespace(),
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serverApi.GetEngineSystemName(),
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'DelServerPlayerEvent',
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self, self.OnDelServerPlayer
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)
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def OnDelServerPlayer(self, args):
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'''
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清除玩家内存数据。
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'''
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player_id = args.get('id','-1')
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logout.info("OnDelServerPlayer player id=%s"% player_id)
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uid = self.mPlayerid2uid.get(player_id, None)
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if not uid:
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return
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self.SavePlayerByUid(uid)
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del self.mPlayerid2uid[player_id]
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if uid in self.mPlayerMap:
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del self.mPlayerMap[uid]
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if uid in self.mUid2dimension:
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del self.mUid2dimension[uid]
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```
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### 功能验证
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用MCStudio进入游戏后立马退出。打开lobby日志，可以查看到登出日志：
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### 总结
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- 监听OnDelServerPlayer事件将玩家数据存档，并清除脚本层中玩家内存数据。
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## 切服
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玩家切服是从一个服务器退出，然后再登录到指定服务器过程，实质是退出游戏然后再进入游戏过程。目前，登入事件（AddServerPlayerEvent）是可以区分登录和切服，登出事件（DelServerPlayerEvent）也可以区分切服过程中登出还是退出游戏。
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## 服务器关服
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服务器关服前会触发ServerWillShutDownEvent事件，开发者可以在该事件中处理存档和清理现场的逻辑。
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AwesomeGame服务端在退出时，需要保存所有在线玩家数据。核心代码如下：
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```python
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class AwesomeServer(ServerSystem):
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def __init__(self, namespace, systemName):
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...
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self.ListenForEvent(
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serverApi.GetEngineNamespace(),
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serverApi.GetEngineSystemName(),
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'ServerWillShutDownEvent',
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self, self.OnServerWillShutDown
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)
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...
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def OnServerWillShutDown(self, args):
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# 即将关机，先给所有还在线玩家挂一个存档任务
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for uid, player in self.mPlayerMap.iteritems():
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self.SavePlayerByUid(uid)
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# 同步完成所有还挂着的异步数据库操作
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if self.mDBType == DbType.Mongo:
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self.mMongoMgr.Destroy()
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elif self.mDBType == DbType.Mysql:
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self.mMysqlMgr.Destroy()
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```
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总结：
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- 监听OnServerWillShutDown事件，清理服务端现场。
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